S8 Ep975: Tyler Anbinder discusses the significant role of the Irish in the American Civil War, particularly the 69th Regiment. Many joined for military training to eventually liberate Ireland, but they fought enthusiastically for the Union out of gratitude to thei

The Irish Brigade, particularly New York's 69th Regiment, fought with fierce loyalty in the Union Army during the Civil War—not out of allegiance to a nation they had only recently arrived in, but out of deep gratitude for the opportunity and security the U.S. had given them after the Great Famine. Despite facing intense prejudice due to their Catholic faith and perceived racial inferiority, Irish immigrants like James Cavanaugh and Timothy Carr joined militia units for military training with hopes of liberating Ireland, only to be thrust into combat when war erupted. Their valor at pivotal battles like Antietam—where Captain Cavanaugh famously declared they’d hold their position 'until they kill the very last one of us'—helped turn the tide of war. Yet, despite their heroism, many veterans like Cavanaugh were left destitute, returning to humble trades before being quietly recognized decades later with a civil service job. The episode reveals a powerful paradox: the very people who saved the Union were denied recognition and rewards for decades, highlighting the complex legacy of immigrant sacrifice and systemic neglect. The story also exposes the deep-seated anti-Irish sentiment of 19th-century America, from 'no Irish need apply' signs to the deliberate erasure of identity—like the dance teacher who changed his name to Judson Sauce to avoid discrimination.